Is Bullying Article On The Legal Terms Essay - 2247 Words

Sum Q Assignment 5 The bullying article focuses on the legal terms, dealing with this topic. Some of the legal terms are victimization, aggression, social exclusion, school interventions, legal interventions and pupil harassment. Understanding the legality of these terms will enable most U.S. states to ban bullying since they enacted legislation on the subject. Although steps are being taken to combat bullying; however, some states only focus on physical bullying. Allowing schools and communities to define bullying can be detrimental and hinder progress in finding resolutions to all forms of bullying. Bullying is generating attention since today’s youths encounter difficulties that may lead to severe consequences. When some children are victims of bullying, they will take actions such as committing suicide or retaliating with violence where the results may be tragic. The effects of bullying will cause most children to act irrationally and not think about the repercussions of t heir actions. When children commit bullying, criminal and civil legal intervention programs can be implemented to prevent or punish bullies. The four types of bullying are physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Physical bullying is unwanted aggression towards vulnerable people who are unable to defend themselves. Bullies will take advantage of their victims who are smaller and physically weaker. Verbal bullying is aggressive oral contexts where victims are teased and called unwanted names. BulliesShow MoreRelatedArticle Review : Dealing With Bullies1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe article â€Å"Dealing with Bullies in Marriage -- And Divorce,† by Beth Kramer, is an examination of the often looked over topic of relationships with bullies. Beginning her article, Kramer illustrates ways one might identify bullying behaviour and the surface psychological characteristics that a bully might possess: however, Kramer’s main objective is detailing several options a spouse might take if one were to find him/herself in such a circumstance. By highlighting the words of Stacy Kaiser andRead MoreThe Eternal Effects of Cyber Bullying1196 Words   |  5 Pagescyber bullying, allowing predators of all ages to interrupt what should be the safe haven in life; home. The eternal effects of cyber bullying on the victim and their families is potentially fatal as pointed out in the May 2013, Journal of Youth and Adolescence article by, published authors and psychology graduate’s in adolescent studies, Brett Litwiler and Amy Brausch. The article not only identifies this form of bullying as a problem but Litwiler and Brausch state, The impact of bullying in allRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1640 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation available to parents, teachers, lawyers and professionals on how to handle bullying, ways to prevent it as well as explaining what bullying is. My stance is that there should be more steps taken to prevent bullying. On this website, a person is able to see what all the types of harassment are. Harassment ranges from sexual, racial, disability to gender. In elementary school, I too went through bullying because of my disability. I know that it can be hard for a student to get through theRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children And Adults Across The Globe1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying doesn’t just happen on the playground or in the workplace; it has now taken over the Internet and popular social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. The term for online bullying is referred to as â€Å"cyber-bullying†. â€Å"Cyber-bullying is defined as the use of email, cell phones, text messages, and Internet sites to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude† (Patchin, 2015). Much like the face-to-face bullying some may encounter in school can cause physicalRead MoreSelf-Defense Is the Answer Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s world it is extremely common to know common terms such as self-defense. According to the legal dictionary, the term for self-defense is â€Å"the use of reasonable force to protect oneself or members of the family from bodily harm from the attack of an aggressor, if the defender has reason to believe he/she/they is/are in danger† (Search Legal Terms). Now if someone is asked what s elf-defense means, of course any adult would know exactly what the term meant. However if a child were to be questionedRead MoreThe Increase of School Violence in America Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pageshappen like bullying or fights. When people experience these problems they realize that let me try, that so they decide to go make fun of someone else and get into a fight and so on more kids will see that â€Å"monkey see monkey do† therefore making school violence increasing. The side I agree with is that school violence is increasing because of bullying, weapons, and the media. School violence is increasing because of the bullying happening in school. According to the bullying article in the unitedRead MoreThe Negative Impact Of Social Media852 Words   |  4 Pagesat least one negative outcome as a result of using a social networking site.† In this article, Norton uses logos, pathos, and ethos to explain his standpoint to his audience. Logos are used when Norton brings up the legal issues of social media such as privacy concerns. Bringing the reader into Norton’s own personal experiences of abuse and name-calling uses pathos. Finally, ethos are used indirectly in the article due to the fact that Norton is a writer and has experience with social networking andRead MoreThe Time is Now: End Bullying Essay example1396 Words   |  6 Pagesis sweeping the nation: bullying. What is a bully? As defined by Oxford Dictionaries, a bully is â€Å"a person who uses strength or influence to harm or intimidate those who are weaker† (oxforddictionar ies.com). In most situations when the term â€Å"bully† is mentioned, the mental image of the grotesque creature standing over a small child is created. This is not always the case, however. Bullying takes place daily and in more forms than physical brutality. While physical bullying is serious, there is alsoRead MoreShould Bullying Be Long Term?847 Words   |  4 Pagesthat around 46% of young people, have witnessed or been the victim of bullying during their childhood (Choices, 2016). Although there is no official legal definition of bullying, it is suggested that it is a repeated and negative behaviour which is deliberately used to hurt someone either physically or emotionally (Lives, 2013). There are many form of bullying including the most common; physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying. It is often motivated against specific groups, including religionRead MoreThe Issues Of Discrimination And Harassment1575 Words   |  7 Pagesissues of Discrimination and Hara ssment, in particular, the legal obligations, protection and resources available to human service clients, within Australia and specifically Queensland. A particular level of knowledge is required by human services workers in regards to the judiciary system, legal accountabilities and statutory obligations, to provide the most appropriate level of care for clients of social workers. By describing how the legal framework is relevant to human service workers, their agency

The Crucible Reflection - 892 Words

In the play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller a girl named Abigail wrecks havoc on the town of Salem. After girls start having seizures from â€Å"dancing in the forest† Reverend Parris decides evil is among them in the form of witchcraft. Due to the fact that the girls confess to Parris’s slave being a witch and the fact that the girls won’t wake up Parris decides to call in for help. Little did the town suspect that they were about to be at the whim of 17 year old Abigail Williams. Miller was compelled to write this play to inform people of the horrific acts that took part in the Salem Witch Trials such as the people using personal vengeances for conviction, lying to save oneself, and dying for religious release. In the play Miller uses real†¦show more content†¦In the Salem Witch Trials suspicion was raised by the simplest of actions, especially in court. Miller uses the court as a way to show how people used one another as pieces in a game. In the court scene Mary Warren goes to clear Goody Proctors name, but is tantalized by Abigail threatening Mary with bewitching her. Abigail states, â€Å"Oh, Heavenly Father, take away this shadow!†(Miller.) Abigail only lies about such things about Marry to draw the accusations away from herself and onto the person trying to expose her. This sends John into a rage and he confesses to his affair with Abigail and the court is in disbelief. The judges request proof of this horrible crime so they call in Goody Proctor. The court asks Goody is this is true that John has committed adultery and she replies, â€Å"My husband--is a goodly man, sir.†(Miller.) This is another example of the townspeople spewing lies to try to shed blame fr om themselves or loved ones. Due to this response John is sentenced to jail for lying in court and witchcraft. This web of lies is what ruins the town. Religion was everything to the Puritans and once a sin was committed it burdened the life of the individual. Many saw the trials as a way to reach salvation for dying by telling the truth. This withdrawal of statements and dying for a cause was seen as honorable and wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible Reflection1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crucible takes place in Old New England during the time when Puritans were the dominant culture. The movie is based around incidents that sparked the Salem witch trials. In 1692 a woman by the name of Abigail Williams, the niece of the esteemed Reverend Parris, and a group of her friends where playing in the forest with an African American Slave named Tituba in Salem, Massachutes. They were caught with the slave and questioned. Unfortunately, when they were caught one of the girls, Betty, fainted;Read MoreReflection On The Crucible773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible book written by Arthur Miller   based on a real life story that happened in 16 92 to 1693 In Salem Massachusetts was based on lies and injustice, genre is play, The authors purpose is to inform the audience about what happened during the witch trials .   The Salem Village was full Puritans and they was very strict based on church rules. People that missed church regularly will be justified as a witch or malignant and will be put to shame on a stockade. People that break the rules of theRead MoreReflection On The Crucible773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible book written by Arthur Miller based on a real life story that happened in 1692 to 1693 In Salem Massachusetts was based on lies and injustice, genre is play, The authors purpose is to inform the audience about what happened during the witch trials . The Salem Village was full Puritans and they was very strict based on church rules. People that missed church regularly will be justified as a witch or malignant and will be put to shame on a stockade. People that break the rules of theRead MoreReflection O n The Crucible742 Words   |  3 PagesMy crucible happened when I was in the 7th grade. I was a lazy guy when I started the school year. I started out great with grades but I later on dropped the scale of having good grades. In class, I would go into many reveries and have no idea what is going on. Around the end of the 1st marking period, i’d get an F for at least one of my classes in my report card. During the 2nd marking period, I tend to stop doing more homework and failed some of my tests. By the end of the 2nd marking period, IRead MoreReflection On The Family Crucible828 Words   |  4 PagesWritten Reflection on The Family Crucible In the book The Family Crucible it gave detailed insight into the effort and knowledge necessary to assess and assist a family unit to bring homeostasis back into their lives. From the beginning to the end this book thoroughly covers the story of a family who believes their problems stems from one individual and come to find out there are other underlying issues that play into the initial reason for setting their first family therapy appointment. WhileRead MoreThe Crucible Reflection Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pages Dorothy Nguyen Period 7 â€Å"The Crucible† â€Å"The Crucible† was a play, which demonstrated the order of human mentality when falling into fear. This comes from the extreme behavior found in response to the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials in this play have demonstrated the hidden desires or true thought coming from people. The limitations to prospective actions slowly become narrower as time progresses throughout the storyline and can relate to how the author was facing asRead MoreDesigning And Performing A Procedure1234 Words   |  5 Pagesthe anhydrate is what is left over. In the previous example BeSO4 would be the anhydrate, and would be called beryllium sulfate anhydrate. The process of removing the water is called dehydration. A common way to dehydrate a hydrate is using a crucible. A crucible is a cup shaped container, usually metal or ceramic, in which a substance is heated. By heating a hydrate it is possible to tell the percent water using percent composition. Percent composition is the mass of a specific substance within anRead MoreThe Crucible: An Allegory for the McCarthy Era Essay659 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crucible was written as an allegory for the McCarthy era in 1953 by Arthur Miller; an American playwright. The McCarthy era was epitomized by the fear of Communism that Senator McCarthy whipped up. He fostered a witch hunt against anyone who disagreed with his views. Miller’s intention was that the play would be a parody of his own context (himself) with John Proctor quite evidently being a reflection of Miller. The witches in the play symbolized communism. A ‘Crucible’ can mean both; a containerRead MoreDo You Know That The Alchemists In The Ancient Ages Melted1297 Words   |  6 PagesDo you know that the alchemists in the ancient ages melted many substances in crucibles with the hope of turning those into gold? Likewise, a challenging experience – â€Å"Crucible of Leadership† – can turn someone to a successful leade r if he can manage it properly. The stressful and challenging experiences to serve under an extremely demanding Commanding Officer (CO), Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) Saif, is the most significant event in my life that transformed me to a committed, self-aware, and adaptiveRead MoreAllegory For Mccarthyism In Arthur Millers The Crucible767 Words   |  4 Pagesevidence, but people were forced to confess or they would be prosecuted. Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† is an allegory for McCarthyism during the red scare due to the near parallel events that confide in the plot and history such the accused confessing to a crime they did not commit to save their life, people rising to power by taking advantage of others, anda accusations having merit with no evidence. â€Å"The Crucible† was written in 1952 just two years after the start of the McCarthy era. With knowledge

Aged Care Complaints in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Aged Care Complaints in Australia. Answer: Statement of problem In Australia, the aged care system bestows a wide range of options in order to meet the care needs of the aged population residing in Australia (King et al., 2013). The urge of the majority of older population in Australia to stay in their own homes as they age has increased the focus on the procurement of care under the community settings (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018). However, according to the reports published by Aged and Community Services Australia (ACSA) (2018), revealed that the quality of the aged care in Australia has dropped to a considerable amount. According to their statistics, there are 3205 complaints were logged during July to December (2017) in comparison to 2,996 between July (2016) to June (2017). The top five outcomes which are not assessed as highlighted by ACSA include medication management, human resource management, clinical care, behavioural management and living environment. Moreover, reports published by Bernoth et al. (2014) revealed t hat the healthcare providers lacks proper policies for information management in the grounds of confidentiality and this leads to bridging of ethical parameters and thereby generating unrest. Reports published by Baldwin et al. (2015) revealed that there is a high level of quality failure observed in the residential aged care in Australia. The quality failure is mostly occurring due to the lack of trained nurses and poor wages in Australian aged care facility (Grealish, 2012; Palmer Eveline, 2012). Roche et al (2015) highlight high turnover rate of nurses in aged care as the reason behind quality failure. High nurses turnover rate signifies lack of trained or adequate nurse force and this again increases the work load on the existing nurses and thereby forcing them to quit their job (Karantzas et al., 2012). Bismark et al. (2013) highlighted there is a specific group of untrained doctors against whom the majority of the complaints is lodged from the aged care population and this de creasing the quality of care. There are numerous problems that have been highlighted against the drop in the quality of care in the aged care facility of Australia but there is no comprehensive analysis of the reason. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis will help to increase the quality of care in the aged care facility (Silvester et al, 2012). Research aim and objective The aim of the research is to investigate the underlying reason behind the drop in the quality of care in the aged care facility in Australia. The main objectives of the research include Lack of trained nurse and its relation of aged care facility High turn-over rate among the nurses and is impact on aged care facility How a specific group of untrained doctors is affecting the quality of aged care Recommendation for the improvement of the aged care in Australia Methodology To properly access the variable affecting the quality of care in aged facility in Australia, this study will follow the path of mixed methodology. Secondary Data: In order to collect the secondary data, review of literature will be performed and this will help to access the current issue affecting the aged care in Australia. Literature review will be performed via academic journals, government websites and other relevant publicly available reports. Primary data: Primary data will be collected from the care givers and the service consumers of the aged care facility in Australia (Melbourne) via conducting face to face interview with both open and close ended questionnaire. Secondary data and data analysis Analysis of the secondary data will be done via thematic analysis and primary data analysis will be done via quantitative analysis through well structured excel sheet. Then the correlation analysis will be done in order to find relationship between the dependent variable (poor of aged care facility) and independent variable (role of nurse/ role of doctors). References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare., (2017). Aged Care: Overview. Access date: 3rd April. Retrieved from:https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-statistics/health-welfare-services/aged-care/overview Baldwin, R., Chenoweth, L., Rama, M., Liu, Z. (2015). Quality failures in residential aged care in Australia: The relationship between structural factors and regulation imposed sanctions.Australasian journal on ageing,34(4). Bernoth, M., Dietsch, E., Burmeister, O. K., Schwartz, M. (2014). Information management in aged care: cases of confidentiality and elder abuse.Journal of business ethics,122(3), 453-460. Bismark, M. M., Spittal, M. J., Gurrin, L. C., Ward, M., Studdert, D. M. (2013). Identification of doctors at risk of recurrent complaints: a national study of healthcare complaints in Australia.BMJ quality safety, bmjqs-2012. Grealish, L. (2012). How competency standards became the preferred national technology for classifying nursing performance in Australia.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,30(2), 20. Karantzas, G. C., Mellor, D., McCabe, M. P., Davison, T. E., Beaton, P., Mrkic, D. (2012). Intentions to quit work among care staff working in the aged care sector.The Gerontologist,52(4), 506-516. King, D., Mavromaras, K., He, B., Healy, J., Macaitis, K., Moskos, M., ... Zhang, W. (2013). The aged care workforce 2012 final report.Canberra: Department of Health and Ageing. Palmer, E., Eveline, J. (2012). Sustaining low pay in aged care work.Gender, Work Organization,19(3), 254-275. Roche, M. A., Duffield, C. M., Homer, C., Buchan, J., Dimitrelis, S. (2015). The rate and cost of nurse turnover in Australia.Collegian,22(4), 353-358. Silvester, W., Fullam, R. S., Parslow, R. A., Lewis, V. J., Sjanta, R., Jackson, L., ... Gilchrist, J. (2012). Quality of advance care planning policy and practice in residential aged care facilities in Australia.BMJ supportive palliative care, bmjspcare-2012. The Weekly Source., (2018). AACQA data reveals big rise in aged care complaints and serious risk decisions. Access date: 3rd April. Retrieved from: https://www.theweeklysource.com.au/aacqa-data-reveals-big-rise-in-aged-care-complaints-and-serious-risk-decisions

The Achievements of World Trade Organization

Abstract This memo explores the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the purposes of its formation. It also sets out the procedure which a country can follow, to report a trade dispute to the WTO. In addition, a case study is given to help in the understanding of how a dispute that is brought before the WTO panel is solved. Lastly, the paper enumerates the achievements that WTO has made regarding its objectives, and what the critics have to say about the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Achievements of World Trade Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the years international trade has been going on albeit under individual country agreements. This has however not been without disputes, where one country complains of being manipulated in a business deal. It was therefore agreed that some body be formed to regulate international business and help maintain fairness among t rading members. This led to the formation of General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) among other international trade agreements, and later the World Trade Organization (WTO). The World Trade Organization is an international trade organization that was established in 1995 to administer trade agreements, as agreed upon by member countries. The WTO was formed after countries realized that the initial agreements of trade had loopholes, and a standardized forum was essential for fair trade among different countries. Therefore, the WTO is sometimes defined as an international forum where various countries are able to negotiate for trade agreements (Hartigan, 2009). On the same note, the WTO also provides a framework through which member countries can address areas which are seen to have issues and solve trade disputes. The WTO operates under the principles of transparency, non-discrimination, reciprocity, safety valves and enforceable commitments to foster fair trade internationall y (Krugman, Obstfeld Melitz, 2011). When one country breaches trade agreements as they are set out within the framework of WTO, the affected countries are supposed to report the matter in writing to the WTO dispute board. Before any dispute qualifies to be considered by the WTO panel, affected countries are supposed to consult for amicable agreement within 60 days according to the framework of WTO (Wu, 2012). If the countries do not agree, then the complainant can request for the formation of a panel which will solve the dispute. The defending country is not able to influence the formation of the panel or prolong the duration of the case, because WTO has a time frame within which to determine any dispute (Krugman, Obstfeld Melitz, 2011). An example of a case that has been settled by the WTO is that of Venezuela verses United States in 1995. The dispute arose when Venezuela complained that the rules of United States regarding gasoline composition were discriminatory to Venezuela. T he United States of America had actually implemented some rules on the quality and chemical components of gasoline in an effort to prevent the environmental pollution.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the rules were stringent when it came to imported gasoline, compared to how the rules were applied to domestically-refined gasoline. This according to Venezuela, and later on Brazil, contravened the national treatment principle, and could not be supported under the WTO rules for health and environmental conservation measures (Krugman, Obstfeld Melitz, 2011). Venezuela officially asked for consultations with the United States on January 23rd, 1995. The consultations failed and a panel was formed, which completed its work on January 29th, 1996. The panel concurred with both Venezuela and Brazil that United States of America had actually violated trade agreements and had applied discriminatory measures by favoring domestically-refined gasoline over imported gasoline. After the verdict, United States of America appealed but the appellate body upheld the report by the panel, and this was adopted on May 20th, 1996. United States later amended its regulations which were reported to the WTO dispute settlement body on August 27th, 1997 (Hartigan, 2009). The world trade organization has been endeavoring to meet its objectives, and actually some have been met, though there are some areas which require further actions. Since the formation of the WTO many countries, that joined the organization, have been able to negotiate better terms for their exports as well as imports. On the same note, many countries which were trading under unfavorable terms of trade are nowadays able to trade fairly with other countries, because of the principle of equity that is promoted by WTO. Additionally, the principal of reciprocity has enabled member countries of WTO to benefit from trade agreements, leading to beneficial effects to both countries for example; lifting of import barriers as well as tax cuts (Wu, 2012). Moreover, since the inception of WTO member countries have been able to increase their access to international markets. This has increased the volume of trade, thus improving the economies of member countries. However, the WTO has not gone without criticism, because there are those who feel that developed countries are getting more benefits than developing countries. Developing countries are said to have little influence if any, in the process of decision making in the world trade organization. As a result, developed countries take advantage of the minimal negotiating power of the third world countries, to make decisions in their favor. Consequently, critics have argued that WTO has not been able to fully meet its principle of non-discrimination (Hartigan, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Achievements of World Trade Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The WTO enables a country to establish beneficial trade agreements with other member countries, besides increasing access to international markets. Though critics argue that developed countries get an upper hand compared to developing countries, the framework of WTO ensures that all actions done are as fair as possible. On the same note, dispute resolution which is one of the main objectives of WTO is carried out expeditiously without influence from either party. References Hartigan, J. C. (2009). Trade Disputes and the Dispute Settlement Understanding the WTO: An Interdisciplinary Assessment. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishers. Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M., Melitz, M. (2011). International Economics: Theory and Policy, Student Value Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Publishers. Wu, C. H. (2012). WTO and the Greater China: Economic Integration and Dispute Resolution. Boston: Martinu s Nijhoff Publishers. This essay on The Achievements of World Trade Organization was written and submitted by user Kason Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Animal Farm Quotes Explained

Animal Farm Quotes Explained The following Animal Farm quotes are some of the most recognizable examples of political satire in English literature. The novel, which tells the story of farm animals who organize a revolution, is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and the regime of Joseph Stalin. Discover how Orwell creates this political allegory and conveys themes of corruption, totalitarianism, and propaganda with the following analysis of key quotes. Four legs good, two legs bad. (Chapter 3) After Snowball establishes the Seven Commandments of Animalism, he composes this statement (Four legs good, two legs bad) in order to simplify Animalisms concepts for the other animals. Simple, xenophobic statements such as this one are a trademark of dictators and fascist regimes throughout history. Initially, the expression gives the animals a common enemy and inspires unity among them. Over the course of the novel, the slogan is distorted and reinterpreted to suit the needs of the powerful leaders. Four legs good, two legs bad is general enough that Napoleon and the other pigs can apply it to any individual or situation. Eventually, the expression is changed to four legs good, two legs better, demonstrating that the farm animals revolution has led to the same oppressive social system they initially sought to overthrow. I will work harder! (Chapter 3) This statement- Boxer the workhorse’s personal mantra- demonstrates the sublimation of the self under the concept of the greater good. Boxer’s existence becomes wrapped up in his efforts to support the Farm. Any setback or failure is blamed on his own personal lack of effort. This quotation demonstrates how concept of communal effort, upon which Animalism was founded, gets perverted into a self-destructive commitment to endless toil. Under Napoleons totalitarian reign, failure has nothing to do with the leadership; instead, its always blamed on the common working animal’s lack of faith or energy. â€Å"At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.† (Chapter 5) Napoleon enforces his rule through propaganda, misinformation, and a cult of personality, but he initially seizes power through violence, as depicted in this quotation. This scene takes place just as Snowballs eloquent, passionate ideas are winning the debate over the Windmill. In order to wrest power away from Snowball, Napoleon unleashes his specially-trained dogs to drive Snowball away from the Farm. This violent episode mirrors the way power was seized from Leon Trotsky by Joseph Stalin. Trotsky was an effective speaker, and Stalin drove him into exile and relentlessly attempted to assassinate him decades before finally succeeding in 1940. In addition, Napoleons dogs demonstrate the way violence can be used as a means of oppression. Whereas Snowball works hard to educate the animals and improve the Farm, Napoleon trains his dogs in secret and then uses them to keep the animals in line. He focuses not on developing an informed and empowered populace, but rather on using violence to enforce his will. No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. (Chapter 8) After Napoleon drinks whiskey for the first time, he suffers a hangover so terrible that he believes he is dying. As a result, he forbids the animals from drinking any alcohol at all, because he believed it to be poison. Later, he recovers and learns how to enjoy alcohol without making himself sick. The rule is quietly changed to this statement (No animal shall drink alcohol to excess), but the fact that the alteration has ever happened is denied. The transformation of this rule demonstrates how language is used to manipulate and control the animals according to even the most trivial whims of the leader, Napoleon.ï » ¿ In the Soviet Union, Stalin’s style of dictatorship was notable for the extreme cult of personality he created, linking himself personally to the success and health of the nation. With this quotation, Orwell shows how such an extreme cult of personality is developed. Napoleon takes credit for every good event that takes place on the Farm, and he makes loyalty to himself personally equivalent to support of the Farm. He encourages the animals to compete to be the most loyal, the most dedicated, and the most supportive of the Farm and Animalism- and, thus, of Napoleon. â€Å"Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!† (Chapter 9) When Boxer becomes too sick to work, he is unceremoniously sold to a knacker to be killed and processed into glue and other materials. In return for Boxers life, Napoleon gets a few barrels of whiskey. The brutal and unceremonious treatment loyal, hard-working Boxer shocks the other animals, even coming close to spurring rebellion. This quotation, spoken by Benjamin the donkey, reflects the horror that the animals feel upon learning of Boxers fate. It also clearly demonstrates the ruthlessness and violence at the heart of Napoleons totalitarian regime, as well as the efforts made by the regime to keep that violence secret. All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others. (Chapter 10) This quotation, which is seen painted on the side of the barn, represents the ultimate betrayal of the animals by their leaders. At the start of the animals revolution, the seventh commandment of Animalism was, All animals are equal. Indeed, equality and unity among animals was the revolutions core principle. However, as Napoleon consolidates power, his regime become increasingly corrupt. He and his fellow pig leaders seek to separate themselves out from the other animals. They walk on their hind legs, live in the farm house, and even negotiate with humans (once common enemy of Animalism) for personal gain. These behaviors directly oppose the principles of the original revolutionary movement. When this statement, which itself directly opposes Animalism, appears on the barn, the animals are told they are wrong to remember it any other way- reinforcing Napoleons willingness to brazenly alter historical record in order to manipulate and control the animals.

Tricks and Tips on How to Pre-Read Text

Tricks and Tips on How to Pre-Read Text Pre-reading is the process of skimming a text to locate key ideas before carefully  reading a text (or a chapter of a text) from start to finish. Also called ​previewing or surveying. Pre-reading provides an overview that can increase reading speed and efficiency. Pre-reading typically involves looking at (and thinking about) titles, chapter introductions, summaries, headings, subheadings, study questions, and conclusions. Observations on Pre-Reading To be successful today, it not only becomes necessary to skim, but it becomes essential to skim well.(Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford University Press, 2011.) Pre-reading strategies allow students to think about what they already know about a given topic and predict what they will read or hear. Before students read any text, teachers can direct their attention to how a text is organized, teach unfamiliar vocabulary or other concepts, search for the main idea, and provide students with a purpose for reading or listening. Most importantly, teachers can use pre-reading strategies to increase students interest in a text.(Brassell, Danny and Timothy Rasinski. Comprehension That Works. Shell Education, 2008.) Understand the Purpose of Pre-Reading Pre-reading encompasses all of the things that you do, before you start reading, to increase your capacity to understand the material. In many cases, taking just a few minutes to learn more about what you are about to read can dramatically increase your reading comprehension and retention. . . . If you build the big picture before you start, you begin reading the text with a conceptual framework already in place. Then, when you encounter a new detail or a new bit of evidence in your reading, your mind will know what to do with it.(Austin, Michael. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. W.W. Norton, 2007.) Know the Four Steps (4 Ps) Pre-reading includes four steps: preview, predict, prior knowledge, and purpose. You can remember these steps by thinking of them as the 4 Ps. Previewing is taking a quick look at a reading before trying to understand the whole thing... [In predicting, you] look at clues from what you read, see, or already know to figure out what information you are likely to get from the reading... Prior knowledge is what you know about a subject before you begin a new reading about it... The fourth P in prereading is purpose... Figuring out an authors purpose will help you understand what you read.(Content-Area Reading Strategies for Language Arts. Walch Publishing, 2003.) Generate Questions Begin by having students identify their purpose for reading. Then, lead students in generating a list of pre-reading questions that will help them to achieve their purpose.(Successful Strategies for Reading in the Content Areas. 2nd ed., Shell Education, 2008.) Skim a Book Systematically Skimming or  pre-reading is  the first sublevel of inspectional reading. Your main aim is to discover whether the book requires a more careful reading... The habit of skimming should not take much time to acquire. Here are some suggestions about how to do it. You have now skimmed the book systematically; you have given it the first type of inspectional reading. Look at the title page and, if the book has one, at its preface. Read each quickly.Study the table of contents to obtain a general sense of the books structure; use it as you would a road map before taking a trip.Check the index if the book has one- most expository works do. Make a quick estimate of the range of topics covered and of the kinds of books and authors referred to.If the book is a new one with a dust jacket, read the publishers blurb.From your general and still rather vague knowledge of the books contents, look now at the chapters that seem to be pivotal to its argument. If these chapters have summary statements in their opening or closing pages, as they often do, read these statements carefully.Finally, turn the pages, dipping in here and there, reading a paragraph or two, sometimes several pages in sequences, never more than that. (Adler, Mortimer J. and Charles Van Doren.  How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading. Touchstone edition, 2014.)

Training Program Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Training Program Outline - Essay Example to elaborate the threat posed by biological weapons, the world players, the biological agent (francisellatularensis virus), the delivery systems, preparedness and prevention, exposure and surveillance, diagnosis and characterization, response, communication and future proposals and recommendations (Richardson, 2001). Approximately more than 100 countries have the capacity of producing biological weapons. Initially, only the US, Russia, Western Europe Countries and Japan were the known producers of biological weapons (Richardson, 2001). Additional countries have developed advanced biotechnical infrastructures capable of producing biological weapons. These countries include China, North Korea and Thailand among others (Richardson, 2001). In as much as a ban has been imposed on the utilization of biological weapons imposed by international treaties, the approach has failed as a deterrent measure to limit nations from stockpiling and developing biological weapons. Modern technology has made it possible for non-state agents to acquire the technical expertise of biological weapons production. A good example is the threat posed by terrorist groups such as ISIS and Al Queada if they manage to access biological weapons. The non-state agents search the internet on ways to produce and deliver biological weapons. A dilemma occurs on how to dismantle a non-state agent who operates within a state’s jurisdiction and enjoys security from the host state. The bacterium has a high infection levels that has enabled airborne transmission possible and only require a small dose for one to be infected. The agent has made it a potential agent for bioterrorism (Garcia, Bearden, Forsman, Michell, & Titball, 2010). The delivery system utilized depends on the fatality levels desired by the releasing actor. A biological onslaught can incorporate two forms that include liquid and a dry powder form (Richardson, 2001). Powder forms are known for their easy storage, transportation and