Animal Farm Quotes Explained

Animal Farm Quotes Explained The following Animal Farm quotes are some of the most recognizable examples of political satire in English literature. The novel, which tells the story of farm animals who organize a revolution, is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and the regime of Joseph Stalin. Discover how Orwell creates this political allegory and conveys themes of corruption, totalitarianism, and propaganda with the following analysis of key quotes. Four legs good, two legs bad. (Chapter 3) After Snowball establishes the Seven Commandments of Animalism, he composes this statement (Four legs good, two legs bad) in order to simplify Animalisms concepts for the other animals. Simple, xenophobic statements such as this one are a trademark of dictators and fascist regimes throughout history. Initially, the expression gives the animals a common enemy and inspires unity among them. Over the course of the novel, the slogan is distorted and reinterpreted to suit the needs of the powerful leaders. Four legs good, two legs bad is general enough that Napoleon and the other pigs can apply it to any individual or situation. Eventually, the expression is changed to four legs good, two legs better, demonstrating that the farm animals revolution has led to the same oppressive social system they initially sought to overthrow. I will work harder! (Chapter 3) This statement- Boxer the workhorse’s personal mantra- demonstrates the sublimation of the self under the concept of the greater good. Boxer’s existence becomes wrapped up in his efforts to support the Farm. Any setback or failure is blamed on his own personal lack of effort. This quotation demonstrates how concept of communal effort, upon which Animalism was founded, gets perverted into a self-destructive commitment to endless toil. Under Napoleons totalitarian reign, failure has nothing to do with the leadership; instead, its always blamed on the common working animal’s lack of faith or energy. â€Å"At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.† (Chapter 5) Napoleon enforces his rule through propaganda, misinformation, and a cult of personality, but he initially seizes power through violence, as depicted in this quotation. This scene takes place just as Snowballs eloquent, passionate ideas are winning the debate over the Windmill. In order to wrest power away from Snowball, Napoleon unleashes his specially-trained dogs to drive Snowball away from the Farm. This violent episode mirrors the way power was seized from Leon Trotsky by Joseph Stalin. Trotsky was an effective speaker, and Stalin drove him into exile and relentlessly attempted to assassinate him decades before finally succeeding in 1940. In addition, Napoleons dogs demonstrate the way violence can be used as a means of oppression. Whereas Snowball works hard to educate the animals and improve the Farm, Napoleon trains his dogs in secret and then uses them to keep the animals in line. He focuses not on developing an informed and empowered populace, but rather on using violence to enforce his will. No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. (Chapter 8) After Napoleon drinks whiskey for the first time, he suffers a hangover so terrible that he believes he is dying. As a result, he forbids the animals from drinking any alcohol at all, because he believed it to be poison. Later, he recovers and learns how to enjoy alcohol without making himself sick. The rule is quietly changed to this statement (No animal shall drink alcohol to excess), but the fact that the alteration has ever happened is denied. The transformation of this rule demonstrates how language is used to manipulate and control the animals according to even the most trivial whims of the leader, Napoleon.ï » ¿ In the Soviet Union, Stalin’s style of dictatorship was notable for the extreme cult of personality he created, linking himself personally to the success and health of the nation. With this quotation, Orwell shows how such an extreme cult of personality is developed. Napoleon takes credit for every good event that takes place on the Farm, and he makes loyalty to himself personally equivalent to support of the Farm. He encourages the animals to compete to be the most loyal, the most dedicated, and the most supportive of the Farm and Animalism- and, thus, of Napoleon. â€Å"Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!† (Chapter 9) When Boxer becomes too sick to work, he is unceremoniously sold to a knacker to be killed and processed into glue and other materials. In return for Boxers life, Napoleon gets a few barrels of whiskey. The brutal and unceremonious treatment loyal, hard-working Boxer shocks the other animals, even coming close to spurring rebellion. This quotation, spoken by Benjamin the donkey, reflects the horror that the animals feel upon learning of Boxers fate. It also clearly demonstrates the ruthlessness and violence at the heart of Napoleons totalitarian regime, as well as the efforts made by the regime to keep that violence secret. All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others. (Chapter 10) This quotation, which is seen painted on the side of the barn, represents the ultimate betrayal of the animals by their leaders. At the start of the animals revolution, the seventh commandment of Animalism was, All animals are equal. Indeed, equality and unity among animals was the revolutions core principle. However, as Napoleon consolidates power, his regime become increasingly corrupt. He and his fellow pig leaders seek to separate themselves out from the other animals. They walk on their hind legs, live in the farm house, and even negotiate with humans (once common enemy of Animalism) for personal gain. These behaviors directly oppose the principles of the original revolutionary movement. When this statement, which itself directly opposes Animalism, appears on the barn, the animals are told they are wrong to remember it any other way- reinforcing Napoleons willingness to brazenly alter historical record in order to manipulate and control the animals.

Tricks and Tips on How to Pre-Read Text

Tricks and Tips on How to Pre-Read Text Pre-reading is the process of skimming a text to locate key ideas before carefully  reading a text (or a chapter of a text) from start to finish. Also called ​previewing or surveying. Pre-reading provides an overview that can increase reading speed and efficiency. Pre-reading typically involves looking at (and thinking about) titles, chapter introductions, summaries, headings, subheadings, study questions, and conclusions. Observations on Pre-Reading To be successful today, it not only becomes necessary to skim, but it becomes essential to skim well.(Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford University Press, 2011.) Pre-reading strategies allow students to think about what they already know about a given topic and predict what they will read or hear. Before students read any text, teachers can direct their attention to how a text is organized, teach unfamiliar vocabulary or other concepts, search for the main idea, and provide students with a purpose for reading or listening. Most importantly, teachers can use pre-reading strategies to increase students interest in a text.(Brassell, Danny and Timothy Rasinski. Comprehension That Works. Shell Education, 2008.) Understand the Purpose of Pre-Reading Pre-reading encompasses all of the things that you do, before you start reading, to increase your capacity to understand the material. In many cases, taking just a few minutes to learn more about what you are about to read can dramatically increase your reading comprehension and retention. . . . If you build the big picture before you start, you begin reading the text with a conceptual framework already in place. Then, when you encounter a new detail or a new bit of evidence in your reading, your mind will know what to do with it.(Austin, Michael. Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. W.W. Norton, 2007.) Know the Four Steps (4 Ps) Pre-reading includes four steps: preview, predict, prior knowledge, and purpose. You can remember these steps by thinking of them as the 4 Ps. Previewing is taking a quick look at a reading before trying to understand the whole thing... [In predicting, you] look at clues from what you read, see, or already know to figure out what information you are likely to get from the reading... Prior knowledge is what you know about a subject before you begin a new reading about it... The fourth P in prereading is purpose... Figuring out an authors purpose will help you understand what you read.(Content-Area Reading Strategies for Language Arts. Walch Publishing, 2003.) Generate Questions Begin by having students identify their purpose for reading. Then, lead students in generating a list of pre-reading questions that will help them to achieve their purpose.(Successful Strategies for Reading in the Content Areas. 2nd ed., Shell Education, 2008.) Skim a Book Systematically Skimming or  pre-reading is  the first sublevel of inspectional reading. Your main aim is to discover whether the book requires a more careful reading... The habit of skimming should not take much time to acquire. Here are some suggestions about how to do it. You have now skimmed the book systematically; you have given it the first type of inspectional reading. Look at the title page and, if the book has one, at its preface. Read each quickly.Study the table of contents to obtain a general sense of the books structure; use it as you would a road map before taking a trip.Check the index if the book has one- most expository works do. Make a quick estimate of the range of topics covered and of the kinds of books and authors referred to.If the book is a new one with a dust jacket, read the publishers blurb.From your general and still rather vague knowledge of the books contents, look now at the chapters that seem to be pivotal to its argument. If these chapters have summary statements in their opening or closing pages, as they often do, read these statements carefully.Finally, turn the pages, dipping in here and there, reading a paragraph or two, sometimes several pages in sequences, never more than that. (Adler, Mortimer J. and Charles Van Doren.  How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading. Touchstone edition, 2014.)

Training Program Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Training Program Outline - Essay Example to elaborate the threat posed by biological weapons, the world players, the biological agent (francisellatularensis virus), the delivery systems, preparedness and prevention, exposure and surveillance, diagnosis and characterization, response, communication and future proposals and recommendations (Richardson, 2001). Approximately more than 100 countries have the capacity of producing biological weapons. Initially, only the US, Russia, Western Europe Countries and Japan were the known producers of biological weapons (Richardson, 2001). Additional countries have developed advanced biotechnical infrastructures capable of producing biological weapons. These countries include China, North Korea and Thailand among others (Richardson, 2001). In as much as a ban has been imposed on the utilization of biological weapons imposed by international treaties, the approach has failed as a deterrent measure to limit nations from stockpiling and developing biological weapons. Modern technology has made it possible for non-state agents to acquire the technical expertise of biological weapons production. A good example is the threat posed by terrorist groups such as ISIS and Al Queada if they manage to access biological weapons. The non-state agents search the internet on ways to produce and deliver biological weapons. A dilemma occurs on how to dismantle a non-state agent who operates within a state’s jurisdiction and enjoys security from the host state. The bacterium has a high infection levels that has enabled airborne transmission possible and only require a small dose for one to be infected. The agent has made it a potential agent for bioterrorism (Garcia, Bearden, Forsman, Michell, & Titball, 2010). The delivery system utilized depends on the fatality levels desired by the releasing actor. A biological onslaught can incorporate two forms that include liquid and a dry powder form (Richardson, 2001). Powder forms are known for their easy storage, transportation and

Prop13, 98 Serrano vs. Priest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Prop13, 98 Serrano vs. Priest - Essay Example Serrano vs. Priest ruling called for an equalization of the rates at which the property was taxed and the expenditure incurred per pupil. Serrano vs. Priest highlighted the pressing educational issues of its times like the impact of the class differences and racial discrimination on the fundamentality of public education (Regalia). This ruling came down heavily on the instances of tax-base disparities translating into inequities in the educational expenditures per pupil in different neighborhoods (Regalia). There is no denying the fact that pragmatically speaking, this ruling has failed to achieve its objectives. However, this decision certainly laid down the fundamental principles that were to guide the quest for educational equity in the state. Precisely speaking, it invalidated the educational inequities emanating from class and race differences and ushered in the principle of justice in the education system. Prop 13 is primarily a tax law that was voted on and passed by nearly 65 percent of the voters in California in 1978. Prop 13 reduced the tax accruals to the state by 57 percent (authorSTREAM). This directly translated into a dire shrinkage in the tax revenues accessible to the school districts. Prop 13 reverted the property assessments back to the 1976 values and capped at no more then 1 percent of the property value (authorSTREAM). It set a limit on the valuation of property to be 2 percent per year, unless a property was sold (authorSTREAM). In case a property was sold, it was to be reassessed at its value at the time when it was sold, tagged to a 2 percent tax cap (authorSTREAM). Prop 13 required all the state taxes to be ratified by a two-thirds majority in the legislature and all the local taxes by a two-thirds majority of the people (authorSTREAM). Prop 13 jeopardized the education system in California by subjecting it to neo liberalist economic values and relatively conservative social

Journal on Chapter One of Al Gore’s “The Assault on Reason” Essay Example for Free

Journal on Chapter One of Al Gore’s â€Å"The Assault on Reason† Essay In the first chapter titled Politics of Fear of Al Gore’s Book, â€Å"The Assault on Reason,† the author basically dealt with one of the most prominent human emotions— fear. According to Gore, fear is the prime enemy of reason. When a person experiences fear of something or someone, his or her reasoning ability is shut down. In addition, Gore claims that fear also clouds a person’s judgment as it drives him or her to act recklessly or irrationally without considering all options available. Furthermore, Gore also pointed out in his book that fear does not only affect a single individual, but an entire nation as well. According to him, a nation crippled by fear is unable to act towards development and progress because it does not do anything to overcome that fear. On the other hand, based on Gore’s book, when a person views fear as a form of motivation for him or her, he or she would eventually act to overcome that fear and accomplish his or her goal. Generally, I agree with most of the arguments that Gore pointed out in the first chapter of his book, particularly on the areas where he related fear to politics. I believe that Gore was right in saying that there are times when people fail to distinguish between the illusionary fears and the legitimate or real ones. When this happens, people may find it extremely difficult to think rationally and plan their next move because their judgment is clouded and they are unable to listen to reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, I also believe that Gore was correct when he claimed that the present administration in the United States as used the people’s fear, which spawned after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, to manipulate various political processes and made people believe that   all Iraqi’s were the one’s responsible for the attacks. For me, I believe that it is wrong to think all Iraqis or Muslims are terrorists simply because their fellowmen may have committed heinous crimes. I believe this is the best example of the fear that has been plaguing US citizens since the 9/11 attacks. I also believe that the nation should first identify which fear is legitimate and which is not before exercising judgment.

Essay on Flight in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon essays

The Importance of Flight in Song of Solomon   Ã‚  Ã‚   Flight is a major theme in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon. â€Å"Flight echoes throughout the story as a reward, as a hoped-for skill, as an escape, and as proof of intrinsic worth; however, by the end this is not so clear a proposition†(Lubiano 96). Song of Solomon ends with ‘flight’ but in such a way that the act allows for multiple interpretations: suicide; "real" flight and then a wheeling attack on his "brother"; or "real" flight and then some kind of encounter with the (possibly) killing arms of his brother.    That Guitar places his rifle on the ground does not make him any less deadly - his smile and the dropping of the gun both precede the language of "killing arms" - and his "my man - my main man" is an echo of the same irony that allowed Guitar to call Milkman his friend even after his prior attempt at killing him (Middleton 298). And Guitar's arms are killing, not just because they want to answer the challenge posed by Milkman's move toward him, but because they are the arms that have killed, that killed white people, that can kill anyone who isn't black, or anyone Guitar can convince himself isn't black: like Pilate. In other words, Guitar can make an "other" of anyone who crosses the boundaries of the definitions he constructs for the group that he purports to love: black people. What Guitar has constructed in his life is a category of political ciphers that does not allow for the existence of the idiosyncratic Pilate or for the existence of the individualistically apolitical Milkma n. Milkman's journey forward to flight is a journey into his past; his future is behind him. The text's refutation of the idea of a whole untroubled self is thus crystallized in the ... ... it is Pilate who represents not only embodied history but the praxis that comes with recognizing history's effects, the willingness to theorize about possibilities in the face of history, and the ability to make concrete alternatives to personal and public inequities. Remaining on the ground of history, then, is a labor of love.    Works Cited: Middleton, David. Toni Morrison's Fiction: Contemporary Criticism. New York: Garland, 1997. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. Lubiano, Wahneema. "The Postmodernist Rag: Political Identity and the Vernacular in Song of Solomon," in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon," in New Essays on Song of Solomon, ed. Valerie Smith, Cambridge University Press 1995, 93-116, 111-113: Peterson, Nancy J. Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.   

Evaluation of International Investment Location Essay

We are an International car components manufacturing company located in Australia. We are seeking for investment opportunities in the automotive sector in attractive international markets. For this purpose our syndicate has short listed two countries viz. China and India. This report provides detailed analysis of the two countries in terms of the political and economic environments in addition to the competitive factors in the automotive sector. Political factors Political environment in an economy has a very strong influence on the investment decisions in that country. There are various political factors which affect investment decision such as environmental regulations and protection, tax policies, international trade regulations and restrictions, contract enforcement law, consumer protection, employment laws, government organization and its attitude towards investment, competition regulation, safety regulations etc†¦ The following table shows a comparison between the political factors in between the two countries. (The ranking is given by â€Å"doingbusiness. org† which is a part of the World Bank group) Starting a business is relatively easier in India which requires 13 procedures to be completed and it takes around a month to complete these procedures. In China there are 14 procedures to be completed to start a new business which require 40 days. Dealing with construction permits is a difficult process in China. There are 37 processes to be completed to get the construction permits and it takes around 336 days to complete all those processes. However in India, there are only 20 processes that need to be completed which can be completed in around 224 days. Though employing workers in China is not as much a difficult affair today as compared to the situation in 2008, the condition in India is much better compared to China. Hiring is a very easy affair in India as compared to China however firing could be much difficult in the Indian environment as compared to the Chinese environment. Registering property in India is a difficult affair as compared to China. While China ranks 30th in terms of ease of registering property, India’s rank has dropped down to 114 in 2009 from 105 in 2008. Getting credit in India is relatively easier as compared to China. The â€Å"doingbusiness. org† ranking in the â€Å"protecting investors† category for China is more than double the ranking of India. This indicates that the protection of the interests of the investors is given much more importance in India than in China. The ease with which taxes could be paid in China has been improved a lot in 2009 as compared to 2008. However it has remained unaltered in India. The Chinese government encourages trading across borders and hence it is much easier to do international trading in China than in India. Enforcing contracts is a very difficult affair in India as compared to China. In India there are around 46 procedures to be completed and it takes around 180 days to complete all those procedures however in China there are only34 procedures which can be completed which could be done in a span of 18 days. Closing a business is a difficult affair in India as compared to China. It takes are around 10 years to close down a business in India as compared to a mere 1. 7 years in case of China. Given the rapid transformations in their economies, the Chinese and Indian governments are still trying to determine whether and how to differentiate between domestic and foreign enterprises and what types of policies to adopt for each category of firm. For example, China’s new enterprise income tax law eliminates the tax advantages that foreign enterprises historically enjoyed over domestic ones, and a new antimonopoly law may put fresh restrictions on acquisitions within China by foreign firms. Meanwhile in India, the government is often ruled by a coalition of widely disparate partners, populated by incumbents who almost always lose in the next election†¦ Economic instability is another concern. From early 2007 to early 2008, manufacturing costs in southern China, where many mul ¬tinationals have set up shop, have increased by as much as 40 percent. A rapid increase in the cost of raw materials and energy as well as new labor laws and environmental regulations are the chief reasons. India’s labor costs have thus far been relatively stable. (Gupta, Wang 2009) Thus there is political risk involved in both the countries. However many consider that the India’s soft attributes, such as a democratic government and a free press pose a lesser long term threat than China’s Hard aspects such as a communist government with a restricted freedom for the press. Both China and India are on the same path of globalization. Both the countries have liberalized their economies and opened the doors of their economies to foreign investments. While China was autarkic in its pre-reform period, India had a highly regulated economy with heavy restrictions on the private investments. However, the economic reforms have made China more capitalistic in nature and India has opened up its economy for private investors.

Egyptian Culture Essay

The Culture of Egypt is one of the most ancient cultures and has five thousand years of history. It can be said that it is one of the richest cultures of the world as ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. Egyptian culture is known to have a significant influence on other cultures such as Europe, the Middle East and Africa. However, soon after the Pharaonic era, Egypt came under the influence of Hellenism, then Christianity, and later, Arab and Islamic culture. Modern Egypt continues to have the ancient Egypt’s culture including the influence of modern Western culture, itself with roots in Ancient Egypt (Wikipedia n. ag, 2007). Ancient Egyptian In the ancient Egyptian culture religion played a very important role. In fact without the ancient Egyptian Religion, there would perhaps not much reason for today’s increasing tourism. The great Pyramids of Egypt’s are a major attraction. These huge structures would not exist, nor the fabulous temples, the tombs on the West Bank of Thebes and their mummies, or the colorful decorations on these structures that have attracted travelers to Egypt over the past three thousand years or more. Behind every aspect of Egyptian life, as well as the art, and the cultural accomplishments it is important to understand the religious forces that formed the cultural aspects of ancient Egypt. Religion The spiritual or the religious world that was formed by the ancient Egyptians was a richly fascinating one which remains unique in the history of human religion. Although Egyptian religion was often covered in layers of myth and ritual, it on the other hand permeated the ancient civilization of the Nile and eventually shaped, sustained and directed Egyptian culture in almost every way. In fact if we look at the ancient history, people were more worried of the afterlife than the day to day life. Egyptians believed that they could enjoy life after death that made them to prepare for their death and burial. For instance, they construct pyramids and tombs for kings and queens. Other Egyptians had similar tombs. Additionally, it was very important in order to have a good afterlife for one to not only worship the Egyptian gods, but also live by a rules and regulations that would be judged after death. Ancient Egyptians also believed that the bodies of the dead had to be preserved for the next life and so they mummified the bodies. Even though there was a substantial amount of stability between various areas of Egypt and over the religion’s long existence, there were several changes over the past years and changes in the theology. For instance, while some 1,500 gods and goddesses are known by name from ancient Egypt, many of them were not worshipped at any one time or in any one place. As a result it is possible for one to observe variations over the years and cultural differences. Eventually, several changes took place in the religious aspects. For example, the burial practices of the Egyptians, which were definitely affected by their religious ideologies, went from simple mastabas in the very early periods and during the Predynastic Period, to monumental pyramids during the Old and Middle Kingdoms. This tradition of pyramids and tombs reduced preferring instead to have hidden tombs with no superstructures at all. Perhaps part of the reason for this was the security of the tomb and its content of valuables, though it did not do much to stop the tomb robbers. Another reason behind this was the Egyptian religion’s movement towards Osiris. The god Osiris also seems accountable for another major change in Egyptian religion through its long history along with the popularity it gained. Osiris was a democratic god who without a doubt became more and more popular because the theology surrounding him allowed even common Egyptians the chance of immortality after their death. Believes and Values There are certain beliefs and rituals that still remained. For instance, there seems to have always been a sun god from the earliest of times, however his worship too changed over time, and sometimes significantly. The sun god Re was worshipped at Egypt’s earliest shrines and his worship most likely reached a high point during the late Old Kingdom, when kings not only built their pyramids, but also specialized temples to worship the sun god. Additionally, the rituals main part was the offerings, but there were certainly numerous other rituals, together with many daily functions such as washing and clothing the gods. There are a few rituals that were major celebrations, for example, the statue of one god might be taken to visit the cult center of another. The advantage with this system was that it was mostly during these festivals that common Egyptians probably came closest to their gods, since at other times they were forbidden from the sanctuaries that housed the cult statues. A value system in the Egyptian culture formed a great part as it is even almost the same way that it is today. It can be said that most of the value systems present today in the modern day is adopted form the ancient Egyptian culture. Undoubtedly, the value system had both a secular and religious side. In terms of religious believe, as in many religions today, each person was judged upon death for his or her actions during life, and either condemned to be a member of the damned or the blessed (Watson n. pag). Another aspect of the culture comes with the style of traditions. For instance, the ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to regard marriage as a legal relationship. Marriage in ancient Egypt was a religious obligation. The ancient Egyptian laws prepared the marriage relationship and indicated all rights and duties for the couples. Many of the old marriage contracts have been found, and they were registered and signed by three officers. These ancient Egyptian laws gave the right of divorce to women as well as men, and the wife had great respect and a high degree of prestige (El-Bialy n. pag, 2003). Even today these cultures have been adopted by many other cultures. Egyptology In the recent years, the Egyptian culture has had a great impact on the archaeology and the study of Egypt’s ancient heritage. The field of Egyptology has itself become a major scientific subject of great interest in Egypt and also around the world. It began in Arab Egypt during the Middle Ages, but was later led by Europeans and Westerners in modern times. However in the recent decades the study of Egyptology, has been taken up by Egyptian archaeologists such as Zahi Hawass and the Supreme Council of Antiquities he leads. With the discovery of the Rosetta Stone (a tablet written in ancient Greek) Egyptian Demotic script, and Egyptian hieroglyphs, has in part been credited for the recent stir in the study of Ancient Egypt. Greek which is a well known language, gave linguists the capability to decode the mysterious Egyptian hieroglyphic language. The ability to decode hieroglyphics facilitated the translation of hundreds of the texts and inscriptions that were earlier impossible to read, giving insight into Egyptian culture that would have otherwise been lost to the ages. This stone was discovered on July 15, 1799 in the port town of Rosetta, Egypt, and has been held in the British Museum since 1802 (Wikipedia n. pag, 2007). Economics Today, the major economic activities of Egypt depend on agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and communication and others. Tourism is a major source of revenue today. Ancient Egyptian farmers relied on the annual floods of the Nile River to irrigate their fields and renew their top soil. Conclusion Finally, it can be said that the rich Egyptian culture has an impact on the various modern day cultures. It was the birth place of one of the world’s first civilizations which arose about 5000 years ago. Egyptians developed one of the first religions to emphasize life after death. Besides, they also build many cities where many skilled architects, doctors, engineers, painters, and sculptors worked. Islam is the official religion of Egypt as about 90 % of them are Muslims. Tourists from all parts of the world travel to Egypt to see such wonders as Great Sphinx, an enormous pyramids etc. For people throughout Egypt, the beliefs and traditions of Islam form a unifying bond. In fact it is one of the richest cultures in the world.

A Novel IS Fiction

A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction By Maeve Maddox Ive noticed that some people talk about fiction novels. A novel IS fiction. One can talk about writing a novel OR about writing fiction. To combine the two is to wear a belt with suspenders. (Another example of reluctance to let the word do the work.) In writing terms, fiction is any non-factual narrative composition. It may be short or long. It may contain historical or scientific facts, and it may describe characters named for historical personages, but the conversations and treatment of events are understood to have been made up by the author. Fiction may be written in various lengths. Here are some guidelines. A short story is a fictional narrative of no longer than 20,000 words and no shorter than 1,000. Most short stories run between 3,000 and 10,000 words so that they may be read at a single sitting. A novelette is a fictional narrative of from 7,500 to 17,500 words in length. A novella is a fictional narrative between 17,500 and 40,000 words. A recent fad called flash fiction concerns itself with the writing of extremely short narratives. People disagree as to the length of flash fiction. The only point of agreement is that it is shorter than the traditional short story, no longer than 2,000 words. Most flash fiction is between 250 and 1,000 words. Various terms for these very short narratives are in use. The oldest is short short story. More recently one hears postcard fiction, micro-fiction, micro-story, and sudden fiction. Some websites now feature what are called one sentence stories. The ones Ive read dont appear to be anything more than well-crafted sentences one would expect to find in a conventional story. They tend to be descriptive and anecdotal, but not true stories. Finally there is the novel, a long fictional narrative that can be from 60,000-100,000 words. For some authors 100,000 words are not enough: James Joyce, Ulysses: 250,000 words (It only seems longer.) Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 513,000 words. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace: 460,000 words in the original; 560,000 words in English translation. Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged: 645,000 words. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: 969,000 words. (English majors have to read this early example of an epistolary novela story told as a collection of letters.) AND THE WINNER IS Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu (In English Remembrance of Things Past/In Search of Lost Time): 1.5 million words published in 13 volumes. NOTE: the above Wikipedia quotation has since been corrected to read 1.5 million words published in 7 volumes. Proust was still working on this 7-volume monument when he died. The first English translation, by Scott Moncrief, was published in 12 volumes. Publishing history of A la recherche du temps perdu. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Plurals of Proper Names

Understanding the French Expression Avoir lair

Understanding the French Expression Avoir lair Expression: Avoir lairPronunciation: [ah vwar lehr]Meaning: to look, seemLiteral translation: to have the lookRegister: normalNotes: The French expression avoir lair describes someones or somethings appearance, how that person/thing looks or looked at a particular moment. It can be used with an adjective, noun, or verb. Avoir lair + adjective To look _____.(Note that the adjective can change to agree with the subject, or can remain masculine singular to agree with air.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Le gà ¢teau lair dà ©licieux.  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cake looks delicious.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elles avaient lair trà ¨s content / contentes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  They looked very happy.   Avoir lair de + noun To look like a(n) _____.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu as lair dun artiste.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You look like an artist.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlotte avait lair dune princesse.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlotte looked like a princess.   Avoir lair de + infinitive To look like one is / was _____-ing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daniel a lair daller une fà ªte.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daniel looks like hes going to a party.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vous aviez lair dà ªtre en retard.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You looked like you were running late. Synonyms paraà ®tre - to look, appearressembler - to resemblesembler - to seem More Expressions with avoirExpressions with deMost common French phrases

Chinese history paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese history paper - Essay Example Nonetheless, these twin goals complemented one another because in both cases, there was some form of oppression of one party by a dominant party that needed to be eliminated. In addition, the twin goals were finally achieved and the success of these goals had a great impact on China as a country and has continued to shape it even today. The novel â€Å"The Dragon’s Village† provides an account of the experiences of a young woman who goes out to a remote village in 1950s revolutionary China to participate in implementing land reform program as one of the goals of the Communists. The novel also addresses the role and place of women in China during this period. During her assignment in the village of Longxiang, Ling-ling experiences the positive and negative effects that the revolutionary policies of the Communists had on the cultural practices and attitudes of the people in the village. The cultural practices and beliefs of the people in China at his period of time seemed to have supported the level of oppression of peasants and the subordination of women in the society. However, the Communists are seen to play a critical role as far as these two aspects are concerned. The revolution in China had two major goals, and these can be considered to be liberating in nature. First, there was the goal of initiating land reforms. This was important and had liberation at its centre because the peasants in China at this time were oppressed by the landlords. When Ling-ling visited the village of Longxiang to initialize land reforms in the area, she addressed the villagers and let them know that she had come to help them carry out land reforms. She noted that the villagers worked on the land day and night throughout the year, yet they are always dressed in rags and experience famine (77). Although the peasants worked hard, it was